Saffron powder

Kesar

0.6 g1 teaspoon

1.8 g1 tablespoon

Saffron trade figure: 1 tsp ≈0.6 g

Instead of Saffron powder

Nothing else mimics saffron's aroma; saffron thread is the same spice in another form.

Saffron thread
Use the same weight. Crush the threads and steep in 1 tbsp hot milk for 10 minutes before adding; colour will be less even.
Ground turmeric
Use a tiny pinch for colour only, about 1 g for 0.2 g saffron powder. It adds no saffron aroma and can make the dish earthy.
Screwpine water or rosewater
Use 1 tsp for a floral note, not for colour. It will not taste of saffron.