Dried red chilli flakes

Use the same weight. Crush whole dried red chillies in a mortar, shaking out some seeds if you want less heat. Gives the same heat but a coarser, more uneven texture.

Use the same weight. Soak in hot water for 10 minutes if the recipe needs a paste, or crush dry for a flake-like texture. Slightly more work and less uniform.

Use about 75% of the weight, as powder is denser and disperses faster. Adds heat and colour but no flake texture; reduce if the powder is very hot.